Protoroot Kap-"Cover" and His Reflexes in Nostratic Languages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65164/hdps2z20Ключевые слова:
nostratics, protoroot, reflexes of a protoroot, kinship of languages, phonetic processes, reconstruction, comparison, semantic derivation.Аннотация
The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the fact that in nostratics, information about the
protoroot with the meaning "cover" and its reflexes in modern languages are presented separately, nonsystematically, in various publications, are presented out of connection with each other and it is need
concentrated consideration. The aim of the research is to coordinate the facts discovered by comparativists and
their ideas regarding the origin and transformation of the ancient root with the meaning "cover" in the
languages of Eurasia and North Africa within the framework of a comprehensive synthesizing model. In the
process of comparative analysis of the facts of the corresponding languages, the proto-form of the verbal
meaning "to cover" was reconstructed in the form of *kap-, which could act as the initial beginning of all
possible formal semantic transformations and derivatives. The sound transformation of the protoroot was
carried out within the framework of such general linguistic phonetic processes as alternation, syncope,
apocope, epithesis, lengthening of the interconsonal vowel, diphthongization, metathesis, etc., which led to an
increase in sound discrepancies in the phonological appearance of the prototype reflexes. In addition, modern
transformations of the root have acquired diverse meanings – procedural ("to close", "to be closed", "to cover",
"to hide", "to be hidden", "to cover", "to besiege", "to surround", "to envelop", "to fill", etc.), substantive ("a
veil", "a blanket", "a shroud", "a cover", "a bark", "a leather", "an envelope", "a shell", "a bag", "a sack", "a
warehouse", "a cellar", "a sheath", "a holster", "a dishes", "a vessel", "a bucket", "a measure", "a sample", "a
shape", "a grave", "a coffin", "a prison", "a sheaf", "a bundle", "a armful", "a cart", "a vegetable garden", etc.).
These facts indicate that in the process of their development, the lexical units of the language undergo various
modifications and they are semantically enriched, branched, preserving elements of ancient meaning,
satisfying the increasing need of their native speakers for an adequate nomination of similar and close actions
and objects.
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