Interface Engineering in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells: Strategies for Improving Charge Transport

Abstract

This work investigates the role of interface engineering in organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells and its influence on device efficiency, stability, and durability. It is shown that conventional photovoltaic technologies are limited both in terms of efficiency and adaptability to new device architectures. The use of hybrid systems makes it possible to combine the advantages of organic and inorganic materials; however, the condition of the interface is a key factor determining their successful operation.
The research methodology included the synthesis of perovskite and organic materials, the introduction of buffer layers, the application of SAM modifiers and two-dimensional materials, as well as comprehensive characterization using AFM, XPS, PL, TRPL, I–V, and EIS techniques, together with modeling. The obtained results demonstrate a significant improvement in layer morphology, an increase in charge carrier lifetime, and a reduction in defect density.
The efficiency of the devices increased from 12.6% for the unmodified structure to 21.7% when a comprehensive strategy was applied, while durability improved to the point where 85% of the initial efficiency was retained after 1000 hours of operation. The discussion showed that the proposed approaches outperform many current results reported in the literature, and that the combined use of different strategies produces a synergistic effect.
Thus, interface engineering is considered a key pathway toward the creation of highly efficient and stable hybrid solar cells, opening the way for their industrial implementation and for a significant contribution to the development of sustainable energy.