Problems of Financial and Banking Systems

Abstract

This paper examines the key problems of modern financial and banking systems under conditions of economic instability and globalization. Special attention is paid to issues such as insufficient capitalization of banks, growing credit risks, low financial inclusion, regulatory challenges, and the impact of digital transformation on banking activities. The study analyzes the influence of macroeconomic factors on the stability of financial institutions and evaluates existing mechanisms for risk management and financial regulation. Based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and resilience of financial and banking systems in both developing and developed economies.